2 EFAS products overview Copernicus Emergency Management Service CEMS

GENERAL ASSEMBLYThe Committee of Representatives shall meet for General Assembly once per year. The two Non-Voting Representatives from each member may participate in the discussions. At this occasion the Secretary-General and Board shall report about events and activities of the past period and present proposals for future activities, for discussion and decision.

Certification Programme Application

Either warnings are not getting through, or people and authorities are failing to take appropriate action. BOARDThe Board shall consist of the Chairperson, the Vice Chairperson, the Past Chairperson, the Secretary-General and the Treasurer, elected from the members of the Committee of Representatives. The Vice Chairperson shall normally succeed to the office of Chairperson for a two year period and thereafter to the office of Past Chairperson for a two year term.

LA optimums are around 3 to 6 percent of calories (1 tbsp., 9 to 18 grams/day), requiring about 30 IU of vitamin E. Obese people and those eating hard fats, sugar, and trans-fatty acids require more. When the conversion of EFAs to their derivatives is inhibited by the factors listed above, DHA from black currant seed oil, or EPA and DHA from fish oils and northern ocean algae can be given. Bad fats (margarines, shortenings, trans-fatty acids, hard fats, sugar and cholesterol), lack of minerals (magnesium, selenium, zinc) and vitamins (B3, B6, C, E), viruses, obesity, diabetes, aging, and rare genetic mutations can all inhibit omega 6 conversion. A second difference is that EFAs are perishable, deteriorating rapidly when exposed to light, air, heat and metals. Unlike vitamins, EFAs cannot be dried, powdered, and stored for several years.

Full membership entitles to full membership benefits, as well as voting at the General Assembly and be elected to Council. The Global Flood Awareness Systems (GloFAS) in contrast to EFAS, is the operational global flood forecasting and monitoring system, being operational since 2018. GloFAS provides a similar product portfolio as EFAS containing a wide range of early flood forecasting information to support stakeholders with flood risk management duties in arranging preparatory measures before an event strikes.

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We are finalizing the program for 2025, where participants will embark on two routes, each featuring five stops, showcasing the best of European foot and ankle care. EFAS and GloFAS help to protect citizens of Europe and the world, the environment, property and cultural heritage when major floods occur. In 2018, GloFAS, originally developed by ECMWF in collaboration with the JRC and the University of Reading, became fully operational after being a prototype service since 2011. The EFAS User Guide is meant to provide information on the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) and its vast products and services for both the first-time users and those who want to learn more about available services and data. In Scotland, the only catch crop you can grow will be a cereal nurse crop with under sown grass as the catch crop. A catch crop will provide an enhancement to biodiversity and prevent soil erosion.

EFA margins (EFAM)

Runoff produced for every grid cell is then routed through the river network using a kinematic wave approach. It is accepted that this condition may not be treated by Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons throughout Europe. Supervised by the experienced EFAS faculty, participants of the courses will practice their techniques on cadavers. It is EFAS’s responsibility to share our knowledge in regions where foot and ankle surgery is still emerging.

EFAS products overview

A list of Centres throughout Europe has been collected but consideration may be given to other International Fellowships. The minimum time period is three months but this may include training for shorter periods in several centres. The selection procedure produced a list of 1,137 calibration stations in 215 different catchments, 406 with 6‑hourly and 731 with daily observed discharge time series. For EFAS 4, the LISFLOOD domain area was slightly extended to include the Jordan catchment. The river network in the Balkans was also improved to better represent physical rivers in the region, with updates to the channels’ geometry reflecting the changes done to the drainage network.

EFAS –

• EFAS offer a comprehensive, business and legal advice service, along with expert, professional representation when dealing with lease and finance companies.
• Surgeons who complete this process will have a general understanding of the knowledge and surgical skills required but the standard shall be placed at specialist level providing complete confidence in our art and science for the patients that we treat.
• While EFAs are like vitamins in their essentiality, they differ in other respects.
• The purpose of this curriculum is to provide a basis for the certification of young trainee trauma and orthopaedic surgeons specialising in foot and ankle management and surgery.
• Several presentations highlighted the integration of AI into hearing aid technology and tinnitus treatment.

Other sessions explored auditory training methods, broadband hearing aid amplification, and innovative tools like the Tinnometer to tailor tinnitus therapies to individual needs.Overall, EFAS 2025 was a remarkable professional and cultural experience. The event once again reinforced the importance of evidence-based practice, technological integration, and patient-centred care in shaping the future of hearing healthcare. The combination of cutting-edge audiological science, meaningful professional connections, and the magnificent setting of Vienna made this congress truly memorable.

Design and performance of clinical trials, data analysis and statistics (principles and applications), principles of epidemiology and statistics and audit. PublicationsEvidence of at least two international publications in appropriate Journals on Foot and Ankle Surgical topics shall be required. Preference shall be given to those publishing in the Journal of the European Foot and Ankle Society.

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EFAS v5.2 introduces several minor changes to the system, including; Revised Notification criteria for Formal and Informal notifications, updates to station metadata, updated flood protection levels and major rivers layers, and updated documentation on FTP access. Each sub-catchment was calibrated separately but using a multisite cascading calibration (MSCC) approach, where the calibrated discharge from upstream river basins was used as input for downstream ones. The calibration was iteratively performed from upstream to downstream, from the catchment with the smallest area to the largest one, as flow routing calculations must be carried out in a serial manner along the https://www.efas2023.org/forum/ mainstream of a river basin. Compared to the EFAS 3 system, the number of calibration points increased by 426 stations, up from 711 in the previous calibration exercise. However, some of the already existing calibration stations are now providing 6‑hourly data and thus different data were used in the EFAS 4 calibration, often on significantly shorter periods. LISFLOOD requires a wide range of spatially distributed input parameters and variables such as topography, soil type, land use, channel geometry, and river network.

The Agriculture Weather Advisory Panel met earlier this month to discuss the impact of the recent dry weather on Scottish agriculture, including a potential shortage of animal feed over the winter months. EFAS produces 6-hourly flood forecasts (since 2020) and monthly seasonal streamflow outlooks (since 2016). The system has been fully operational as part of the  Copernicus Emergency Management Service  since 2012. EFAs make up the building blocks of our skin’s surface layers and are crucial for healthy skin function, helping produce its natural oil barrier which we often unintentionally strip back by over exfoliating and over cleansing our skin.

However, there shall be no limit to the number of times that a Candidate may present for examination. Evidence of at least two international publications in appropriate Journals on Foot and Ankle Surgical topics shall be required. Preference shall be given to those publishing in the Journal of the European Foot and Ankle Society. EFAS currently has Basic Instructional Courses, Cadaver Courses, and an Annual Meeting or Advanced Instructional Course each year. Ideally the candidate shall have attended each of these courses but variations may be acceptable and the final decision about proceeding to sit the examination shall be determined by the Examination Board. It is complex and a reflection of our internal and external health whilst performing a multitude of functions, such as being a physical barrier for chemicals, UV radiation protection, insulating and synthesising Vitamin D.

This does not seem realistic, as I have never seen a hydrological model or a land surface model working with these high depths of soil, unless the focus is on the deep layers. The European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) underscores that surgical procedures on the foot and ankle should only be performed by medically trained surgeons who are fully accountable for their treatment decisions and outcomes. The purpose of the Education Committee is to provide high quality training to foot and ankle surgeons from across Europe and beyond. Logbook A complete logbook of surgical cases shall be required preferably electronically for ratification by the examination board before proceeding to the examination.

If your application meets the membership criteria, the Council will suggest it for full ratification by the General Assembly during annual meeting. Benefit from reduced rates to all EFAS courses and events and meet fellow surgeons. If you are a CDS-beta API user, requests will be automatically redirected from the beta URL to the proper one until 20th October 2026.

Individual Membership Application Form

You are advised to update the URL in your .cdsapirc file at your earliest convenience by 20th October 2024 (login here to check URL to use in .cdsapirc file). If you are a CDS-beta API user, requests will be automatically redirected from the beta URL to the proper one until 20th October 2024. All API requests attempting to retrieve data from the legacy system will systematically fail. Farmer A can claim either EFAH50 in both of the parcels or claim EFAH100 in one of the parcels. They increase farmland biodiversity and also protect arable crops from the wind, thereby reducing soil erosion.

• Enhance your skills, expand your professional network, and gain valuable international experience.
• First, although each calibration station was calibrated separately, observational periods were generally different, making it impossible to define the same non-overlapping periods for all calibration points along the same river.
• However, some of the already existing calibration stations are now providing 6‑hourly data and thus different data were used in the EFAS 4 calibration, often on significantly shorter periods.
• Validating a new score in different languages requires language-specific validation, not just the translation of an already validated score into another language.

Partnering with the Royal College of Surgeons

Compared to the previous EFAS 3 version, three additional reservoirs were added on the Sava river downstream of Zagreb to better represent the effects of large retention areas. Topical application of oil is an effective means of delivering EFAs to the skin and is a great add on to anyone’s current skin routine. Always ensure you look at both your internal and external intake of EFAs whether you have naturally oily or dry skin. Our skin is defined by two main layers, the epidermis and the dermis, each made up of specialised cell types that perform different roles in each layer. The epidermis is composed of keratinocytes and primarily serves the barrier function, preventing water loss and absorption/ invasion of pathogens and toxins. The main function of the dermis, which consists mostly of collagen and elastin, is to provide physical and nutritional support to the epidermis .One thing we really need to understand is the importance of our skin’s barrier.

• EFAS provides a wide range of early flood forecasting information to support national and regional authorities with flood risk management duties in arranging preparatory measures before an event strikes.
• Note that calculating KGE’s over daily discharge slightly increases the score of EFAS 4.
• A list of Centres throughout Europe has been collected but consideration may be given to other International Fellowships.
• UK Fellowships which meet these criteria are featured on this webpage, and BOFAS has monitored the quality of these Fellowships via annual feedback from Fellows.
• Supported by the EFAS Research Committee, the EFAS Research Foundation enables research and scientific work of EFAS and Foot & Ankle area, including all sub-areas of Foot & Ankle, as basic science, biomechanics, epidemiology, clinics, surgery, outcome, radiology, and others.
• Members of the partner societies can access Foot Print by using the links below.
• Topical application of oil is an effective means of delivering EFAs to the skin and is a great add on to anyone’s current skin routine.
• A catch crop will provide an enhancement to biodiversity and prevent soil erosion.
• Benefit from reduced rates to all EFAS courses and events and meet fellow surgeons.

There is an emphasis on clinical examination of cases, small group discussions and learning surgical approaches in the cadaver lab.

EFAS is pleased to present its first podcast for the EFAS Journal Club organized by the Youth Committee. For this episode, Dr. Alessio Bernasconi (Italy) invited Prof. Bedri Karaismailoglu (Turkey) and Dr. Sandeep Patel (India) to discuss their papers about posterior malleolus fractures and their management. We will discuss about Angle Bisector method, which could be an aid especially for young trauma surgeons.

• EFAS provides the framework for focused working groups, usually consisting of active members in the respective field that are established and terminated as needed.
• The products, including flood highlights of different severity levels, are made available to EFAS-DISS and EFAS users as maps and graphs.
• The UK hosts some of the best Foot and Ankle surgical training fellowships in the world.
• During the second session titled “Pearls of Wisdom,” senior surgeons would share their journeys and experience.
• It will ensure that if one task is completed, then the next step will be automatically done.
• In this example the road is less than five metres wide and the hedge may or may not be claimed as an EFA Hedge so can be included in the EFA margin area.
• Problems of both children and adults are included, as is trauma and chronic disease.
• Diabetic foot, Charcot neuro-arthropathy, Morton’s neuroma, Nerve entrapment eg tarsal tunnel syndrome.

The pan-European setup of LISFLOOD uses a 5 km grid on a Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection. EFAS configuration maps were created by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission from various European databases with emphasis on having a homogeneous base all over Europe. For the calibration of EFAS 4, EFAS-METEO produced new datasets with 6-hourly gridded meteorological maps of precipitation and average surface air temperature using point observations for the period 1990–2017 on the model’s 5 km spatial resolution. As part of the EFAS computational centre’s role, ECMWF is also responsible for developing and integrating into operation any improvement in the forecast model chain, and for developing, managing and running the EFAS web and data services.

Herzlich Willkommen auf der Webseite des EFAS e. V.

Like most rainfall-runoff models, the equations of the LISFLOOD hydrological model include a range of parameters. Some of these can be determined from physical data, such as reservoir storage-elevation curves, or the drainage area of watersheds. Others vary from one area to another based on changes in climatology and physical factors, e.g. hydraulic soil properties. Some model parameters require calibration, which is generally obtained by tuning parameter values based on a comparison between simulated and observed discharge (Q) at river gauges. This tuning process generally aims to minimise errors in the volume and timing of simulated flow over a multi-year period. It couples state-of-the art weather forecasts with a hydrological model and with its continental scale set-up provides downstream countries with information on upstream river conditions.

Green cover is the establishment of a temporary crop in the autumn that will provide an enhancement to biodiversity, improve soil structure and will prevent soil erosion. In the example below a parcel of arable land has a three metre road on its boundary. The applicant wishes to claim an EFAM on an adjacent parcel using the five metre adjacent rule. In this example the hedge is being claimed for EFA, noting any hedge up to three metres wide is eligible as an EFA hedge. Above is an existing grass margin (possibly a former agri-environment option or a margin established in grass) running from the fence to the edge of an arable crop. EFA fallow land is arable land that has no crop production or grazing on it from 15 January to the 15 July inclusive.

Journal Award

Please note – these are indicative examples to help you when considering your EFA requirements. If you are unsure if your chosen area is eligible to count towards an EFA margin, please contact your local area office with details and they will provide further guidance. Margins provide an important habitat for farmland biodiversity, contribute to wildlife and ecological networks and benefit water quality from 1 January to 31 December inclusive. A hedge is measured in metres and must be a minimum length of 20 metres to be claimed. Your EFA map is a mandatory supporting document and must be submitted with your SAF. You only need to include the field(s) with EFA options on them to meet your EFA map requirement.

The European and Global Flood Awareness Systems (EFAS and GloFAS)

A bug was identified introducing errors in the initial conditions of all EFAS v5 forecasts since its operational launch on 20 September 2023. The error also impacted all reforecasts and the historical simulation from 01 January 2023. EFAS is an operational system so it is important we are made aware of issues/errors in our system in a timely manner. If you find a problem or any feature missing that you think should be present, and it is not listed here, please let us know by reporting it through the ECMWF Support Portal, mentioning “EFAS” in the summary. Known issues include, but are not limited to, forecast issues, production incidents, and data quality deterioration. Yet tragically, despite major advances in flood forecasting, hundreds of people every year still die in floods.

h Meeting of EFAS 17th Meeting of the European Federation of Audiological Societies

Individual Global Members enjoy all membership benefits, but are not eligible to vote at the General Assembly or be elected to Council. If you are an orthopaedic surgeon in training, or health practionare or scientist dedicated to advancement of foot and ankle knowledge you may select this membership type for application. This course covers the main topics and basic surgical techniques in foot and ankle such as Hallux Valgus surgery, Hallux rigidus surgery, Ankle instability, Metatarsalgia, Hindfoot arthrodesis. Each topic starts with a short theorical presentation, followed by a demonstration from the faculty and ends with 40 minutes of practical work on foot foot by participants. Foot and Ankle Surgery, the official journal of EFAS, is an essential reading for everyone interested in the foot and ankle and its disorders. The approach is broad and includes all aspects of the subject from basic science to clinical management.

This offered information on nested catchments, which is very important for a distributed hydrological model calibration. However, it came with an additional challenge in terms of calibration strategy and run time, as data was generally a mix of 6‑hourly and daily discharge observed over different time periods. This was solved by dividing the EFAS domain in 1,137 sub-catchments or inter-catchments and by performing the calibration through a catchment-based parallelisation of the model domain.

• Additionally, the EFAS Matrix assigns weights to each external factor based on their importance, while the SWOT Analysis does not.
• Your EFA map is a mandatory supporting document and must be submitted with your SAF.
• If your application meets the membership criteria, the Council will suggest it for full ratification by the General Assembly during annual meeting.
• LISFLOOD is a fully distributed hydrological model, which explicitly considers the spatial distribution of physical properties across catchments and provides estimates of river discharge on the entire geographical domain.
• The simulated discharge was then compared against observed discharge from the 1,137 calibration stations, excluding the year 1990 so that the impact of the initial conditions did not affect the comparison.
• The scholarship holders are the only participants who stay for the whole duration of the Forum.
• If you are a foot and ankle surgeon residing and working in a European country where there is an EFAS-affiliated National Society, you can automatically become an EFAS member by joining this national society.

Such a working group shall have an appointed convener and a well defined mandate, and shall report results to the General Assembly. ELECTIONS, NOMINATIONSA search committee of three people, appointed by the General Assembly, shall call for nominations to the offices of Vice Chairperson, Secretary-General and Treasurer of the Board, and two auditors, and draw up a list of nominees. The list of nominees shall be presented to the Voting and Non-Voting Representatives of all members at least one month prior to the General Assembly for election every odd year. In addition to the names prepared by the search committee, the final ballot can include names which have been agreed upon by the representatives of at least three member national societies. Proposals received at the EFAS Secretary-General will be mailed to all representatives. Email voting by non-attending Voting Representatives or written transfer of voting rights to a Non-Voting Representative is allowed.

Knowledge of the presentation, radiological and pathological features, treatment and outcome for common benign and malignant tumours in the foot and ankle. Knowledge of the presenting features, management and outcome of soft tissue lesions including sarcomas. The European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), developed to produce European overviews on ongoing and forecasted floods up to 10 days in advance, contributes to better protection of the European citizen, the environment, property and cultural heritage. The criteria to be met by the unit relate to the faculty, training structure offered, data gathering for registries, research and audit. The criteria to be met by the fellow relate to professional behaviour, generic and specific clinical competencies (including a foot and ankle-specific logbook score – Indicative Surgical Procedures), and research and audit activity.

Their task usually is to coordinate work directed to specific problems in audiology across different European countries, to come up with reports, consensus statements, or recommendations for further coordinated actions. Medico- legally, or through revalidation and recertification/licence conditions it may not be recognised initially in individual countries. However, it is expected that once established it will be seen as a benchmark in our particular area of expertise. Additionally, the EFAS Matrix and SWOT Analysis differ in their focus on proactive versus reactive strategies.

About EFAS

It looks to me like the old CDS was serving v3 format netCDFs with data encoded in scale/offset form with no compression, and the new CDS is serving v4 netCDFs with compression enabled. Sometimes a bit smaller, and in the case of variables like snowfall or precip where there are lots of zeros, a lot smaller. The environmental benefits of agro-forestry systems are that they provide a diversity of habitats for wildlife and can reduce run-off and soil erosion.

For the fairest comparison possible between EFAS versions 3 and 4, the hydrological model performance score KGE’ was calculated on simulations using the same meteorological forcing data (but aggregated to daily forcing for EFAS 3) over 1990–2017. For EFAS 4, scores were calculated on river discharge averaged over 24 hours to be comparable to the 24‑hourly simulation of EFAS 3 (also matching the calibration time step of EFAS 3). Note that calculating KGE’s over daily discharge slightly increases the score of EFAS 4. One important aspect of a hydrological model performance evaluation is to use data which have not been used during the calibration exercise, so that the evaluation is a fair analysis of the model behaviour. This is often achieved using a ‘split sample approach’, where the hydrometeorological observational record is split into two independent periods, one used to optimise the parameters through calibration, and one used to evaluate the model behaviour.